Your car’s engine has an inbuilt exhaust system made up of pipes and chambers that are designed to channel fumes away from the engine and out of the vehicle. Its other functions are to filter out noxious chemicals from the fumes in order to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, as well as diminish the noises made by an engine during the burning of fuel. Because of the work that an exhaust system is doing, it’s likely that from time to time you will be able to see visible gas exiting through your vehicle. Sometimes it is completely normal and nothing to worry about, however on other occasions the colour, smell and quantity of the exhaust fumes can indicate a serious underlying problem with your car that needs to be checked out by a professional. In this article we will outline the various kinds of smoke your engine might produce and what it could mean:

Light and slightly translucent white smoke

If you can see light white smoke coming from your car, this is usually water vapour (steam) and nothing to worry about. You’ll be able to notice it when you first start your car and it is more visible in cold weather. After your car has warmed up fully, the white steam should stop. The reason that your car is producing steam is that when a cold engine is started and begins to heat up, the condensation that normally sits in exhaust pipes is turned into steam as the water vapour heats.

White steam is usually not a cause for concern however it can lead to corrosion and rusting in the exhaust pipes if you only use your car for very short journeys and don’t allow the engine to heat up fully.

Blue Smoke

Blue smoke coming out of your car’s exhaust could mean that some of the engine oil has entered into the fuel system somewhere. It’s not uncommon for blue smoke to also have a burning smell, which is a tell-tale sign that there’s a problem that needs to be fixed.

Sometimes this will happen right after your car has been serviced, which is usually because too much oil has been put back into the system and the excess is simply being burnt off. If the smoke stops after a while, then you won’t need to take it to a garage to get checked.

In cars that have been heavily used, the seals around the valves and piston heads may have become worn down, allowing oil to seep into the fuel system. In this case, you’ll need to get all seals replaced, which can be a costly procedure.

Grey Smoke

Grey smoke coming from your engine could also be an indicator that there has been an oil leak somewhere. Alternatively, it could suggest that the PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) valve is defective or worn out as the purpose of this part is for emission control. Fortunately, repairing a PVC valve is a fairly straightforward procedure. If your car is an automatic, then grey smoke could be a sign that the transmission fluid has escaped into the engine via a leak, in which case, repairs are essential and usually quite costly.

Black Smoke

In a petrol car, black smoke indicates that too much fuel is being burnt which could be because the air filter needs replacing. It could also mean that the fuel injectors are blocked or the pressure regulator needs a clean, so to be sure that this has been properly examined it is best to take it to a garage.

In a diesel car, black smoke can be caused by a build up soot, which occurs when there is an excess of unburnt fuel. Diesel cars are fitted with a particulate filter in order to trap this soot however it is possible for deposits to build up gradually if you only use your car for short and slow journeys. Luckily, this can be dealt with without having to go to a garage; simply take your car onto a dual carriageway or motorway and accelerate up to 70mph which should help the air and fuel pass through the system faster. By doing this, you’ll help dislodge some of the soot and the warning light should disappear.

Thick white smoke

A large quantity of thick white/grey smoke coming from the tailpipe could be an indication that there is a leaking head gasket, which can lead to an overheated engine. Alternatively, heavy white smoke might mean that your car has a cracked block or cylinder head which both need to be seen to as a matter of urgency.

In any case that you are concerned about the emissions coming from your car, it is best to be safe and visit a garage for a mechanic to have a look. If you leave it too long, you could cause more damage to your car and rack up a huge bill for repairs so get it checked promptly.

Despite there being strict laws against drink driving in the UK and severe penalties for offenders for a number of years now, there are still far too many accidents on the roads caused by irresponsible drivers getting behind the wheel whilst intoxicated. In fact, one in eight of road deaths is caused by collisions related to drinking. One of the main reasons for such a high rate of drink driving could be the lack of clarity around what the laws actually are, in addition to the fact that the laws in Scotland are different to other parts of the UK. For many years there have been campaigns to reduce the legal limit further, with some campaigning for a zero-tolerance policy. Below, we outline the law as it stands today and tips about how you can stick to it.

What is the legal limit?

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the legal drinking limit is:

In Scotland, the legal drink-driving limit is

What about units of alcohol?

Unfortunately, there isn’t a universal way to calculate the exact number of units that are safe to consume before driving. Generally speaking, one unit is around 10ml or 8g of alcohol however there are various factors that will also influence the person on the day. These can be your age, gender, weight, metabolism, the kind of alcohol, whether you have eaten and what, your energy/stress levels and your general tolerance of alcohol.

The safest way to avoid taking any unnecessary risks is to avoid drinking altogether; even a small amount of alcohol can slow down your reaction times and even impair your vision.

How long should you wait to drive after having a drink?

This is another difficult to measure question and there is no hard and fast rule. Some studies have found that one unit of alcohol takes approximately one hour to process, which means that a lager containing three units will take at least three hours to get out of your system although individual factors should still be taken into account.

This applies for driving the morning after a night of drinking. There is no guarantee that when you wake up you will be legally within the limits to drive and it can take the majority of the next day to get sober enough to do so.

What happens if you get caught drink driving and what are the penalties?

If the police believe you are driving under the influence, they will signal for you to pull over and request you to take a breath test using a device known as a breathalyser. You are legally obliged to take the test and if you refuse you could be arrested. The breathalyser will be able to bring up a result instantly and if you fail the test, i.e. you’re over the limit; you will be driven to the station for further testing.

The penalties for drink driving:

Offence Fine Imprisonment Driving Ban
Being in charge of a vehicle while above the legal limit or unfit through
drink 
Up to £2,500 3
months
Possible
Driving or attempting to drive while above the legal limit or unfit through
drink
Unlimited (at magistrate’s discretion) 6 months At
least 1 year (3 years if convicted again within 10 years)
Refusing to provide a specimen of breath, blood or urine for analysis Unlimited (at magistrate’s discretion) 6 months At
least 1 year
Causing death by careless driving while under the influence of
drink
Unlimited (at magistrate’s discretion) 14 years At
least 2 years PLUS extended driving test before your license is returned

Depending on the individual case, some magistrates will allow a reduction on the driving ban if you agree to take a drink driving rehabilitation course.

In addition to the penalties outlined above, a drink driving conviction could cause you further problems in obtaining car insurance; employment (particularly for jobs requiring driving) and you may have difficulty travelling abroad.

How to avoid drink driving

The simplest way to avoid drink driving is to just not do it. If you know you are planning to have a drink, arrange your transport home in advance.

Deciding what kind of car you want to buy next is a big decision. With countless options available, it’s hard to know where to begin and as it’s a huge financial investment, you’ll want to choose wisely. A big part of the selection process is to work out whether your next car is going to be brand new, nearly new or second hand as this can have a huge influence on how much you pay, the kind of finance deals and warranties you’ll have access to amongst other factors. In this post we will outline the varying degrees of newness of cars, what each term means and what the advantages and disadvantages of each type are, to help you make a decision.

Made to order new

This is the newest kind of car you can get, whereby your car is yet to be made and will be built according to your exact preferences by the manufacturer.

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Brand New

A brand new car is one that has been made and is in storage somewhere but has yet to be registered.

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Nearly New

There are essentially two kinds of nearly new cars. The first is a brand new car that has been registered, with the dealership named, as its official owner.

The second type of nearly new car is a vehicle that has been used but only minimally i.e. it is less than one year old and has been driven less than 10,000 miles.

Part Exchanged New

Part Exchange is when you trade in your existing car to a dealer in return for some money off of a new one.

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Used

Used cars are simply ones that have been owned and used previously.

Advantages:

Disadvantages

A

Annual mileage

An estimate of the number of miles you expect to drive during the year you are insured. This includes all and any trips you make such as commutes, holidays, and regular journeys e.g. to the supermarket.

Association of British Insurers

A trade association made up of various insurance providers in the UK. It is not a regulatory body and therefore membership is not mandatory.

Approved repairer

For repairs covered by your insurance policy, your insurer will approve selected garages at which you can get your car serviced.

B

Black Box

Also referred to as ‘Telematics’, a black box is a small device that will be installed into your car to measure your driving, including acceleration, braking and turning. This can be added to your insurance policy to lower the cost of your premiums and also provide added security benefits.

Breakdown cover

When selecting your insurance policy, you will usually be asked whether you want to add on breakdown cover, which will allow you to get roadside assistance should you break down. Some packages (usually more expensive) will include home call outs if your car won’t start at home.

Broker

Brokers act as the middleman between insurance companies and their customers. They will communicate with a number of insurers on your behalf to find you the best deal.

C

Certificate of insurance

A certificate to show that your car has been insured. Your certificate will either be paper or electronic.

Cover Note

In the time between applying for insurance and receiving your certificate of insurance, you can request a temporary cover note from your insurer to explain that your car has valid insurance.

Comprehensive insurance

A type of insurance policy that provides third-party cover for fire and theft (TPFT) in addition to any damage to your own car in the event of an accident.

Courtesy car

Some comprehensive policies will include a courtesy car which is a car loaned to you to use whilst yours is being repaired in a garage. This means that the garage at which your car is being repaired needs to be preapproved by your insurer.

D

Driving other cars (DOC)

Some, but not all comprehensive policies will allow you to drive other people’s cars. The policyholder is the only person permitted to do so and the cover is limited to third party only. Other restrictions may also apply such as your age, location and the vehicle and it is supposed to only be used in emergencies.

DVLA conviction code

A code of four figures that represent certain driving offences such as SP30 (speeding in a built-up area), TS10 (traffic signals offence), IN10 (driving without insurance). The full list of codes can be found on the Gov.uk website.

E

Excess

Excess is the amount of money you will have to pay out if you make a claim before your insurer makes their payout to you. There are two types, compulsory and voluntary.

F

Fault /non-fault claim

Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

A financial regulatory body that is independent of the UK government that works to protect consumer rights by ensuring that any companies offering financial services are acting in accordance with regulations. Motorly.com is authorised and regulated by the FCA.

G

Green Card

An internationally recognised document that provides proof of insurance within Europe. It is not always needed however having one when you go abroad will make things much easier should you get into an accident and have to make a claim.

I

Immobiliser

A security device that prevents a car from being started unless it has been deactivated by a key or fob. This means that if your car gets broken into, the thief will not be able to drive it away.

Import

A car that is made abroad and then imported into the country. An import can be either ‘parallel’ or ‘grey’.

Indemnity

The concept that if something has been stolen, lost, or damaged, the owner of that asset will maintain the same financial position that they were in prior to the theft, loss or damage.

Institute of Advanced Motoring (IAM)

A body that provides advanced training to drivers after they have passed their test.

Insurable interest

Anybody that owns or partly owns an asset that is being insured has an insurable interest in it. E.g. if you are buying your car on finance, both you and the lender have insurable interest on that car.

Insurance Premium Tax (IPT)

A tax placed on general insurance premiums. This is included in the cost of your car insurance premiums.

Insured Value

The full amount that your insurer will pay out if your car is damaged beyond repair; either equal to the amount the vehicle was said to be worth when you took out the policy or the current market value of the vehicle at the time of the claim (whichever is lowest).

L

License

The two main types of driving license are provisional and full.

M

Main driver

The primary driver of the car. This can be a different person to whoever owns or bought the vehicle.

Material Fact

Any piece of information that could affect an insurer’s decision to provide you with cover. This includes any information that could indicate to an insurer, how much of a risk they perceive you to be. As such, you must inform your insurer of any material facts as a matter of law.

Modifications

Any kind of change that you or somebody else makes to your car that could affect the way it performs such as suspension alterations, tinted windows etc. You must inform your insurer of any modifications you make.

Motor Insurance Bureau (MIB)

A body that helps compensate people who are involved in accidents with uninsured drivers or who are unable to get expenses back from their insurer.

N

No Claims Bonus (NCB)

Each successive year that you go without making a claim on your insurance will get you a discount on your premiums for subsequent policy terms. This is known as a no claims bonus; usually, you will lose some of your NCB if you ever have to make a claim.

O

Owner and registered keeper

A car’s owner is the one who bought it. A car’s registered keeper is the one that uses it the most regularly (this can be the same person or two separate people).

P

Pass Plus

An additional qualification that can be taken by new drivers and that provides extra guidance for things like driving in the dark, on motorways and other scenarios that are not covered by the practical driving test. Sometimes, having a pass plus can get you a bit of a discount on your premiums.

Points

Any motoring conviction that you are found committing will translate into points that go onto your driving license. The severity of the offence will equate to a certain number of points. You must inform your insurer of any points you acquire, which may increase the cost of your premiums.

Policy Term

The period of time that your car insurance policy is valid for. This is usually 12 months.

Pro rata rates

If a policy gets cancelled midway through its policy term, you might only be charged for the amount of time you were covered for, and not the full term.

Protected no claims bonus

A method of safeguarding your no claims bonus by paying an extra amount on top of your insurance premiums. This allows your no claims bonus to remain in tact even if you make a claim however it might not prevent your premium increasing after you make a claim.

Q

Quote Expiry

The amount of time for which an insurance quote remains valid, which will vary between different insurers.

R

Registered Keeper

See owner and registered keeper

Renewal notice

When your policy reaches the end of its term, it will automatically renew unless you notify your insurer that you do not want to take out cover with them for the following year. To remind you that your policy is about to renew, your insurer will contact you within the final month (around 3 or 4 weeks before the end of your term) so that you can shop around for a new deal should you wish to.

Risk

When you are provided with a quote for an insurance policy, several factors will have been taken into account to calculate the cost of your premiums. Variables such as your vehicle, where you live, your age, driving experience and claims history will all influence how much you pay. This is known as a risk profile and helps the insurer decide how likely you are to make a claim.

Road Traffic Act (RTA)

The purpose of the Road Traffic Act is to govern all car insurance in the UK and to ensure that innocent people involved in car accidents are not unfairly left short of money.

T

Telematics

See Black box

Thatcham Device

An immobiliser or alarm device made or approved by the security company Thatcham Security.

Third party, fire and theft (TPFT)

Under this type of insurance policy, you will be covered if you cause harm to somebody else or damage to another car or property. You will be also insured in the event that your own car is stolen, broken into and subsequently damaged, or damaged by a fire.

Third Party only (TPO)

The most basic form of cover that drivers can get in the UK and usually the cheapest. Third Party only insurance will cover any damage/ injury to other vehicles and people in the event of an accident that was your fault. You won’t be able to get financial cover if you or your car suffers damage /injury as a result of the accident.

Tracker

A security device that helps police locate a car in the event that it has been stolen. Some black boxes will have a tracker device built in.

U

Uninsured Losses

Losses that are not covered by your policy e.g. your policy excess and any other expenses incurred by you as a result of an accident such as compensation for a resulting injury or a loss of earnings should you need to take time off work.

Uninsured loss recovery (ULR)

If you are involved in an accident with an uninsured driver, ULR will help protect you against the financial losses that you could incur. Sometimes this will be included in your policy and sometimes you will have to add it on as an extra.

Use types

The ways in which you will use your car. The more use types you select, the more likely you will be deemed to be in an accident. The use types include,

Underwriter

The person who decides whether to accept you for an insurance policy and how much your insurance premium will be based on your risk profile.

Being involved in a road accident or the becoming the victim of car theft or vandalism can be really stressful, as well as expensive in the long run. The last thing you would want is for your claim to be rejected by your insurer. Unfortunately, this happens more than you might expect, with 5% of all car insurance claims being either fully or partially rejected. Below, we have outlined the most common reasons why insurance claims can be rejected. Be sure to double check that you have not fallen into any of these traps so that you have cover should you ever need to claim.

Insurers will not pay out if you have provided incorrect or inadequate information on your insurance application, including updating your details should anything change. This may include:

car-collision

Any of the following can also be considered as reasonable grounds for rejection:

Many of these rejection reasons can be considered as simply common sense, however, it’s worth checking your policy documents if you can’t remember exactly what information you put in your application. In the event that your claim has been refused and you believe it to be an unfair rejection, you can go through the Financial Ombudsman Service appeals process that will confirm that your claim has been dealt with appropriately.

Car maintenance involves more than just regular services and MOTs. If you are guilty of any of the following, you could be causing unnecessary damage to your car that will result in large repair bills and a shortened life expectancy of your vehicle.

Resting your hand on the gear stick

Resting on the gear stick when you’re not using it to change gears can put additional strain on the transmission mechanics and cause premature wear and tear.

Riding on your breaks when going downhill

Resting your foot on the brakes as you are travelling downhill puts pressure on your braking system and can cause overheating. It’s better practice to shift down to a lower gear, allowing your engine to slow down at a more natural speed.

Riding the clutch

Overusing the clutch, e.g. when you are stationary at a traffic light or keeping it slightly depressed after changing gear, can cause damage to the clutch surfaces by causing them to graze against each other. Because the clutch is generally considered a ‘wear and tear’ component, it is not usually covered by any warranty and so having to get it replaced more often than is necessary can be extremely costly.

Braking too late

Excepting the occasions on which you need to perform an emergency stop, braking too late and abruptly on a regular basis will cause significant damage to your brake pads and discs. Not only are these expensive to replace, but harsh braking also burns much more fuel and produces additional harmful emissions.

dash-warnings

Revving a cold engine

All car engines will be cold when they are first started up, so revving it immediately could cause sudden changes in temperature and consequently, damage to different parts. Allow your car to warm up gradually by putting it into neutral for a minute when you first switch the engine on.

Ignoring warning lights

If something is wrong, your car will usually let you know about it through illuminated warning symbols on your dashboard. You shouldn’t ignore these and take your car to a garage as soon as possible in order to get the problem fixed. Likewise, if you notice anything else unusual, such as new sounds or vibrations you should seek specialist assistance.

Overloading your vehicle

Most cars will be able to handle a bit of extra weight, however, it’s important not to overload your car beyond its maximum capacity, which will be outlined in the owner’s manual. This is because any extra weight will put pressure on your brakes, suspension and transmission.

 Keeping your fuel levels as low as possible

It is expensive to have your fuel tank constantly filled to the brim which is why many people choose to just fill it up as much as they’ll need for a journey however doing this could be damaging your car. Fuel pumps are susceptible to overheating when they’re not submerged, which in the long term can be damaging.

Shifting into reverse from drive when not stationary (Automatic cars)

In cars with automatic gearboxes, shifting between reverse and drive (and vice versa) without coming to a standstill first can have a big impact on the transmission band of the drive train. Unlike brake pads and discs, which are fairly simple to replace, any repairs on the automatic transmission are complicated and very expensive.

road-pothole

Potholes and speed bumps

Although drivers can’t control the condition of the roads they drive on, it is advisable to avoid or drive around potholes if it is safe to do so, or if not, drive very slowly and carefully over them. Hitting them at a speed can crack and buckle tyre alloys as well as produce lumps in the tyre, causing them to become unbalanced. Speed bumps should be treated with the same caution.

As the name suggests, multi-car insurance provides all the same benefits as a single car insurance policy, except it covers multiple cars instead of just one.

The benefits of multi-car insurance:

A multi-car policy is well suited to households with more than one car. This could include multiple drivers within the same family, couples who live together but have their own car, or someone who owns and drives multiple cars. Up to five cars can be covered by one policy, with the same documents and renewal date required for each car under the policy.

Any vehicles covered by the policy must be used privately by their registered named drivers.

The main advantages of a multi-car policy are:

driving

How does the renewal work?

 Fortunately, most insurers anticipate that households with more than one car will hold multiple existing insurance policies that are all due for renewal at different times. Because of this, you’ll be allowed to add each car one by one onto your multi-car policy as and when its current policy expires, to avoid facing a cancellation fee.

The 12-month period will usually begin on the date of the final car insurance renewal, with temporary short-term cover being used to insure the other cars in the meantime. Once the last car has been insured for 12 months, the policy will renew for the next year.

Things to bear in mind:

 As with all insurance products, policies will differ from person to person and so it is important to shop around for the best deal for you. Though many people find multi-car insurance to be the most convenient as well as a cost-effective option for them, several factors can sometimes have an adverse effect on your premium:

Lost your car keys? In the mad rush of modern-day life, it can happen to the best of us. In fact, over a quarter of car owners will lose their keys at some point and 5% will have them stolen. Not only is it hugely frustrating, but it can also be very costly to replace car keys.

Nowadays, most vehicles are operated with what is known as a transponder key, where the key is electronically paired with the ignition system. Additionally, most modern cars are unlocked with keyless entry using an electronic fob with buttons. In some cars, this fob can be used for keyless ignition. Because of the need for specialist electronic programming, replacing a lost key can cost you hundreds of pounds.

Don’t panic, here’s what you can do:

The first thing to do if you lose your car keys is to check your cover. Some insurance policies will cover car key loss and theft, although you should also check whether claiming would affect your no claims bonus. If this is the case, it may be cheaper to replace the keys yourself.

To do so, you will have to go to your car dealership or a specialist locksmith. Depending on the make and model of your car, an engineer will have to programme a new set of keys to pair it with your car, or in the case of a stolen key, replace the lock completely. This process may take over a week to complete.

car-key

Why not try this:

It’s all too easy to misplace your belongings, but some things are much harder to replace than others. To avoid the hassle and a large bill from the garage, there are a couple of ways to prevent yourself misplacing your car keys in the future.

If you’re quite a forgetful person, you could attach your keys to a large or brightly coloured key ring and make a habit of putting them in the same place every time you’re not using them, like a hook next to your front door or a specific compartment in your bag.

You can even get gadgets that will help you locate your lost belongings through smart technology. It’s as simple as adding a small, coloured chip to your car keys which will allow them to be tracked via a handy app on your phone. You can add these chips to anything: your phone, your wallet and even your dog! (…Ok, maybe not your dog)

Finally, relax in the knowledge that you’ll never lose your car keys again. Check out how Chipolo works in this short video below: